同治十年江南的社会变乱／秩序危机与政府控制

Social Turmoil,Crisis of Stability and Governmental Control in the Jiangnan in 1871

太平天国战争后,江南地方政府面临着重建地方社会秩序、恢复经济生产等要务。但战后存在的社会危机感,以及民间随时可能发生的变乱,一直难以真正平复。本文考察了同治十年二月攻打广德州和建平县的所谓"教匪"反乱事件及江苏、浙江、安徽等省的协作平定行动。一般认为,在太平天国战争后,自中央到地方的垂直控制系统、地方的保甲体系以及府州县对于地方社会的掌控能力,有不同程度的削弱。可是从这个暴乱事件被平定的整个过程来看,这种认识是不太准确的。

In the aftermath of the warfare with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, local governments in the Jiangnan were confronted with essential tasks such as the reconstruction of social order and the recovery of economic production, but the sense of crisis and potential danger of turmoil in the postwar years made these tasks difficult. This paper explores the revolt by so-caued ＂jiaofei＂ （religious bandits） to attack Guangde department and Jianping county in March, 1865, and narrates the cooperative quelling actions by authorities of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Although it is generally acknowledged that local social control was weakened to various degrees after the Taiping Rebellion, this vertical integrated system of control from the court to the local governments included the baojia system and provincial administrations at all levels. The view that local social control was weak, is perhaps incorrect given the successful suppression of this insurrection.