从土地到城隍:明清华北村落社区演变中的庙宇与空间

From Earth God Temple to Chenghuang Temple-Temples and Space in the Evolution of Traditional Village Communities in Ming-Qing Period

传统村落社区发展过程中,庙宇与村落社区空间演变密切相关。村落社区空间变化塑造了不同层次的庙宇,而庙宇作为一定空间的表征,在村落社区空间建构的不同进程、不同阶段整合了社区。在众多庙宇中,土地庙与城隍庙对村落社区具有特别的意义,作为聚落独立成村的标志,土地庙完成村落空间的初次整合,而村城隍的出现则是村落空间的小社区分化再整合的结果。

During the evolution of traditional village communities, the structural system of village temples was closely related to community space. Changes of space in village communities have shaped different levels of temples, which as the token of community space, consolidated settlement space of different scales and levels. Generally speaking, the evolution of village community space must undergo space consolidation-differentiation of space communities-space reconsolidation. Correspondingly, the earth god temple, which symbolizes the independent village＇s development from settlements, accomplished the initial consolidation of village space, while compound temples resulted from space community differentiation. Village Chenghuang temples had a lot to do with the reconsolidation of differentiation of village space.