海南省育龄妇女破伤风疫苗接种影响因素调查

Analysis of vaccination status and its influencing factors of tetanus toxoid vaccine of child-bearing age women in Hainan high-risk areas

目的了解影响海南省育龄妇女破伤风类毒素疫苗（TT）接种因素,为制定消除新生儿破伤风方案提供科学依据。方法选取海南省新生儿破伤风发病较高的4个市县8个乡镇作抽取40个行政村作为问卷调查点。每个调查点随机抽取10名18~49岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果共完成399名育龄妇女问卷调查,大部分群众和育龄妇女对新生儿破伤发病原因和防治相关知识缺乏了解;孕产妇在家分娩率为62.4%,选择在家分娩的主要原因是住院分娩费用太高、交通不便、封建迷信与落后的风俗习惯影响;育龄妇女接种TT主动意识不高,TT接种率为57.79%。,未接种的原因主要有外出打工、怕影响生育、怕影响劳动和收费。群众易于接受宣传形式依次是电视、口头宣传、宣传画和广播。结论海南省新生儿破伤风高危地区群众和育龄妇女对新生儿破伤发病原因和防治相关知识缺乏了解,育龄妇女TT接种率较低,应加强消毒接生与TT接种的宣传工作。

Objective To know the vaccination status and its influencing factors of tetanus toxoid vaccine of child-bearing age women in neonatal tetanus high-risk areas in Hainan to provide scientific basis for eliminating neonatal tetanus in Hainan province. Methods To choose four villages and towns of two city and county which incidence of neonatal tetanus was highest as investigation sites.Project interview and questionnaire survey in families were taken to investigate information. Results The interview of 218 persons of 24 groups and questionnaire survey of 199 child-bearing age women were completed.Most of the women didn＇t know the reason and prevention of neonatal tetanus.62.4% of puerperant gave birth to children at home.The main reasons were high cost in hospital,traffic inconvenience,feudal superstition and backward customs.The active consciousness of child-bearing age women for inoculating tetanus toxoid was not high.The inoculation rate of tetanus toxoid was 57.79%.The main reasons of non-inocultion were woking out,fearing influencing birth,influencing labor and cost.The good propaganda forms which were easy to accept for people were TV,oral propaganda,posters and radio. Conclusion Most of the child-bearing age women and other people didn＇t know the reason and prevention of neonatal tetanus in high-risk areas in Hainan province.The inoculation rate of tetanus toxoid of child-bearing age women was lower.The propaganda work of disinfection delivering and tetanus toxoid inoculation should be strengthened.