纳米材料对大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

EFFECT OF NANOMATERIALS ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD T LYMPHOCYTES IN RAT

目的探讨纳米银(Nano-Ag)、纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)、纳米二氧化钛(Nano-TiO2)对大鼠的免疫毒性效应。方法将42只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为小牛血清对照组,以及3种纳米材料的高剂量组(17.5 mg/kg)和低剂量组(3.5 mg/kg)。非暴露式气管滴注法隔日染毒5周,腹主动脉放血处死,检测大鼠体质量及脾、胸腺脏器系数、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的改变。结果①Nano-ZnOH、Nano-AgH、Nano-ZnOL、Nano-AgL组T细胞CD4+%分别为27.76%、28.32%、30.68%、34.18%,均显著低于对照组(37.66%,P<0.05);②Nano-ZnOH、Nano-TiO2H、Nano-AgH、Nano-ZnOL、Nano-TiO2L、Nano-AgL组T细胞CD8+%分别为32.9%、32.77%、34.08%、31.22%、31.24%、33.06%,均显著高于对照组(28.34%,P<0.05);③Nano-ZnOH、Nano-AgH、Nano-ZnOL、Nano-AgL组CD4+/CD8+的比值分别为0.84、0.83、0.98、1.03,均显著低于对照组(1.34,P<0.05);④不同材料间比较结果表明,高剂量下Nano-ZnO、Nano-Ag组CD3+%分别为55.13%、55.04%,显著低于Nano-TiO2组(63.08%,P<0.05);此外,Nano-ZnOH、Nano-AgH组CD4+%显著低于Nano-TiO2H组(P<0.05),低剂量下Nano-ZnO组也显著低于Nano-TiO2、Nano-Ag组(P<0.05);Nano-ZnOH组CD4+/CD8+的比值显著低于Nano-TiO2H组(P<0.05),Nano-AgL组显著低于Nano-TiO2L组(P<0.05)。3种纳米材料均可致大鼠体质量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),而对脾、胸腺脏器系数没有显著影响。结论 3种纳米材料对大鼠均产生毒性作用,出现不同程度的细胞免疫功能紊乱和免疫抑制情况,纳米氧化锌和纳米银毒性较强,纳米二氧化钛毒性相对较弱。

Objective To investigate the immunotoxicity induced by nanoparticles of silver,zinc oxide,and titanium dioxide in rats.Methods Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups,including control group,low and high dose groups of three nanomaterials.The Rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation once every other day for 5 weeks,and then killed by abdominal aorta bloodletting.The changes of peripheral blood T lymphocytes subset,body weight,organ coefficients of spleen,thymus,liver,and kidney in rats were observed.Results ① CD4＋% in Nano-ZnOH,Nano-AgH,Nano-ZnOL,Nano-AgL group（27.76%,28.32%,30,68%,34,18% respectively） were lower than in control（33.67%,P0.05）;② CD8＋% in Nano ZnOH,Nano-TiO2H,Nano-AgH,Nano-ZnOL,Nano-TiO2L,and Nano-AgL group（32.94%,32.77%,34.08%,31.22%,31.24%,33.06% respectively） were higher than in control（28.34%,P0.05）;③ CD4＋/CD8＋ in Nano-ZnOH,Nano-AgH,Nano-ZnOL,Nano-AgL group（0.84,0.83,0.98,1.03 respectively） were lower than in control（1.34,P0.05）;④ CD3＋% in NanoZnOH,Nano-AgH group（55.13%,55.04%） were lower than in Nano-TiO2H group（63.08%,P0.05）;moreover,CD4＋% in Naon-ZnOH,Naon-AgH group were lower than in Nano-TiO2H group（P0.05）,and CD4＋% in Nano-ZnOL group was also lower than in Nano-TiOL2,and Nano-AgL group（P0.05）;CD4＋/CD8＋ in Nano-ZnOH group was lower than in Nano-TiO2H group（P0.05）,that in Nano-AgL group was lower than in Nano-Tio2L group（P0.05）.⑤ The body weight in all nanomaterial groups were lower than in control（P0.05）,but there was no significant effect on spleen,and thymus coefficient.Conclusion All three nanomaterials can cause damage to rats after exposure,and bring functional disorder and suppression of cellular immunity.However,Nano-Ag and Nano-ZnO have more intense toxic effect than Nano-TiO2.