黑天鹅人工繁育研究

Captive Breeding to Improve Productivity of Black Swan Cygnus atratus

2011年1～5月,在徐州睢宁对人工饲养的黑天鹅繁殖率进行了研究。研究发现,利用鸟类补卵的习性,人工饲养的黑天鹅可产卵4～5窝,一般间隔20 d可进入下一个产卵期,每窝6～8枚,年产量达30～40枚。施温方案以变温孵化为佳。温湿度分别为:前期(1～10 d)为38.5℃,55%;中期(11～20 d)为37.8℃,60%;后期(21～32 d)为37.8℃,65%;落盘(33～36 d)为37℃,75%。本实验通过对黑天鹅的饲养管理、配对、营巢、捡卵、孵化、育雏等研究,摸索了一套提高黑天鹅繁殖率的科学方法,为今后进一步提高黑天鹅人工繁育技术提供了重要的理论和实践方法。

We studied the reproduction of captive black swan in Xuzhou Suining from January - May 2011.We removed eggs from complete clutches of captive breeding black swan to induce them to lay 4 to 5 clutches per year.After removal of eggs,the next laying period began within 20 days.With 6-8 eggs per clutch and 4-5 clutches per year,annual production in a single nest reached 30 - 40 eggs.Temperature variation during brooding improved hatching success.Optimum temperature and humidity were：miminum 38.5℃and maximum 55%for early period（1 - 10 d）;37.8℃and 60%for mid period（11 -20 d）; 37.8℃and 65%for late period（21 -32 d）;37℃and 75%for down plate period（33 - 36 d）.Through this study of feeding management,pairing,nesting,picking up eggs,hatching,and brooding,we developed scientific methods to increase productivity of black swan and provide important theory and practical methods for improving captive breeding techniques of Black Swan in future.