不同氮素效率类型油菜的农艺性状、干物质及氮素积累特征

Agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and N accumulation of different N uptake and utilization efficiency in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

为合理调整不同氮素吸收利用效率油菜品种的氮肥用量,提高氮素利用效率,大田试验条件下,根据长江流域冬油菜主产区广泛种植的34个甘蓝型油菜品种的氮素吸收和利用效率的差异,以氮素吸收和利用效率的平均值为界线将供试品种分为4类,即A-高效吸收高效利用型、B-低效吸收高效利用型、C-高效吸收低效利用型和D-低效吸收低效利用型,研究4类油菜的生长性状、干物质及氮素积累和分配的特点。结果显示,A类品种在主序长、主序角果数、一次分枝数和一次分枝角果数等农艺性状上表现很强的生长优势,B、C两类居中,D类品种最低。氮素吸收效率高的品种,其干物质量、氮素积累量相对较多,不同类型油菜的地上部生物量及氮素积累量顺序为C、A>D、B;氮素利用效率高的品种,干物质量和氮素积累在籽粒中的分配相对较多,而在果壳中分配相对较少,籽粒产量以及籽粒氮素积累量顺序则为A>B、C>D。

In order to recommend fertilizer application for different rapeseed,the most popular 34 cultivars from Yangtze River area were planted in field at Shayang,Hubei province,with the same fertilization level（N 210kg/hm2、P2O5 45kg/hm2、K2O 67.5kg/hm2）.The materials were divided into 4 types according to their nitrogen uptake and efficiency.Type A cultivars had both high uptake and utilization efficiency,type B had low uptake but high utilization efficiency,type C had high uptake but low utilization efficiency,and type D had both low uptake and utilization efficiency.Their agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and N accumulation were investigated.Results showed that type A had strong advantage on inflorescence length,pods on main inflorescence,first branch number and pods of first branches.The higher the nitrogen uptake efficiency,the more dry matter and nitrogen accumulated.The accumulated quantity of dry mass and nitrogen was shown as C（and A） D（and B）.More dry matter and nitrogen were distributed into seeds and less into seed coats in high nitrogen utilization efficiency type A and B.The seed yield and seed nitrogen accumulation were shown as AB（and C） D.