基于营养盐的中国湖泊生态分区框架与指标体系初探

Ecoregional frame and indices system based on nutrients in Chinese lakes

湖泊营养盐水生态分区是湖泊营养盐基准和富营养化控制标准制定的基础,是对湖泊富营养化进行综合评估、预防、控制和管理的科学基础和重要手段.本文通过对生态分区、水生态分区概念内涵的辨析,生态分区划分依据的探讨,及营养盐生态效应在空间表征、驱动因子、响应模式上的分异分析,剖析了基于营养盐的湖泊水生态分区概念内涵,提出了中国湖泊实行"分区、分类、分级"的三级划分框架;指出以气候带、地形地貌、流域水系等地带相似性为分区的依据,以区域内地形地貌、土壤营养吸附量、土地利用格局、湖盆形态(水深、面积、岸线发育)、水文特点(交换周期、水位变动、矿化度)等方面的差异为主要分类指标,以营养盐浓度、初级生产者(浮游藻类、周丛藻类和水生维管植物)生物量、单位营养盐浓度下的初级生产者生物量、初级生产者优势种群类型等为分级指标的划分依据;以发生学、等级性、相似性、分异性、完整性、综合性等为分区原则,初步构建了湖泊水生态分区的指标体系,为中国基于营养盐的湖泊水生态分区做了奠基性的准备工作.

The ecoregionalization based on lacustrine nutrients is the basis of nutrient benchmark and trophication control criteria of lakes,and is also the scientific basis and magnitude pathway of compositive evaluation,prevention,control and management.In this paper,after analyzing the concepts on ecoregion,hydroecoregion,and discussion on the base of classification,the lacustrine response to nutrients in geographic sections,driving factors and models,we proposed a Chinese hydroecoregional frame based on regionalization,classification and phase.By analyzing the environmental factors that influencing trophic status,we determined the criterions for lake regionalization,including by climate zone,topography and water system;by topography,soil nutrients,land use,shape of lake basin（water depth,surface area,development of lake shore） and hydrologic characteristics（residence time,water level,degree of mineralization）;by nutrient content（nitrogen,phosphorus et al）,total primary productivity（biomass of phytoplankton,attached alga and aquatic macrophyte）,and by dominant plant types（phytoplankton and macrophyte）.We primarily constructed indices system of ecoregionalization for Chinese lakes and this work lays a basis of lake ecoregionalization based on nutrients in China.