海南蛇足石杉天然居群结构与生境因子研究

Studies on the natural population structure of Huperzia serrata and its habitat in Hainan Province

【目的】了解海南蛇足石杉居群特征和生长环境,掌握其生长所需的环境条件,为蛇足石杉规范化和产业化栽培研究提供技术支撑。【方法】2009年2～12月,对海南霸王岭自然保护区的蛇足石杉自然居群结构、原生境土壤养分、酸碱度及空气温湿度等进行调查测定。【结果】海南蛇足石杉居群分集中分布居群和分散分布居群,集中分布居群平均密度为83.1株/m2,以幼苗和幼株为主,占居群植株总数的78.2%,其土壤养分含量明显高于分散居群;分散分布居群密度远小于集中分布居群,且幼苗较少;两居群均为酸性土壤;测定期间样地除湿度有较大变化外,温度基本维持在20℃左右。【结论】海南蛇足石杉集中分布居群以幼苗为主,属于更新能力较强的种群;而分散分布居群幼苗较少,更新能力弱。酸性土壤、丰富的土壤养分及20℃左右的气温和90%以上的高湿度环境条件有利于蛇足石杉生长。

[Objective]An investigation was carried out to survey the characteristics of Huperzia serrata population and its growing environment in order to provide technical support for its standardized and industrial cultivation.[Method]The natural population structure of H.serrata and its original habitat,soil nutrient status,pH value and air temperature/humidity were investigated in Hainan Bawangling Natural Reserve from February to December,2009.[Result]The distribution of H.serrata was classified into two groups（high density area and low density area） .In high density area,the average density of H.serrata was 83.1 plants/m2.High density area mainly consisted of young plants of H.serrata which accounted for 78.2% of all the total plants.The nutrient contents of soil in this area were significantly higher than those in low density area.The density of H.serrata in low density area was less than that in high density area and there were less young seedlings.The soil pH values of the two areas were all low（acidic） .The humidity showed great changes,but temperature was found around 20℃ during experimental duration.[Conclusion]The distribution of H.serrata was classified into two groups（high density area and low density area） .The high density area mainly consists of young plants.However,there are less young seedlings of H.serrata in low density area.Acidic and high-nutrient-containing soils with air temperature of 20℃ and 90% humidity is suitable to cultivate H.serrata.