黄沙鳖良种选育研究

Breeding technology for improving varieties of Truogx sinensis

【目的】探讨黄沙鳖良种选育技术,为建立黄沙鳖良种场奠定基础。【方法】2004年,从广西横县、灵山、桂平及南宁明阳农场等黄沙鳖养殖产区挑选黄沙鳖表型特征明显、体重1.0kg以上的亲鳖200只,雌雄比3∶1,不同地方的雌雄鳖分别配对(A♀×B♂或B♀×A♂),人工繁殖,根据表型特征、遗传性状和生长性状等进行选育,挑选色斑清晰对称、体型圆、体色黄、裙边宽、生长快的个体进行养殖。【结果】经稚鳖、幼鳖、成鳖、后备亲鳖等生长阶段的筛选,其选留率和成活率分别为35.3%、69.6%、80.7%、91.3%和82.1%、81.6%、95.7%、97.2%,最终选育获得黄沙鳖纯系亲鳖450只,且经繁殖验证,选育亲鳖繁殖的鳖苗具有明显亲体遗传性状,合格率达90.2%。【结论】采取群体选育的方法,从不同群体挑选亲鳖进行繁殖,通过对其后代各生长阶段不断地筛选,可选育出种质优良的黄沙鳖纯系群体。

[Objective]The present study was aimed to develop a breeding technology for improving varieties of Truogx sinensis and to screen pure lines of parents with best genetic traits.[Method]In 2004,200 soft-shelled turtles with prominent phenotype characteristics and over 1.0 kg of weight were selected from Truogx sinensis breeding farm of Hengxian,Lingshan,Guiping,Nanning Mingyang（Guangxi） .The ratio of female to male turtle was 3∶1,and the turtle from different areas were crossed in different combinations（A♀×B♂ or B♀×A♂） on the basis of phenotypic characteristics,genetic traits and growth traits.The individual turtles with clear symmetry,round shape,yellow body-color,wide skirts and fast-growth were propagated.[Result]The selection percentage and survival rate of turtles screened at juvenile,young,adult and candidate parental stage were 35.3,69.6,80.7,91.3% and 82.1,81.6,95.7,97.2%,respectively.Total 450 parents of Truogx sinensis pure lines were bred and their offsprings showed prominent genetic characteristics.Their qualified rate reached 90.2%.[Conclusion]The improved populations of Truogx sinensis pure line can be bred by group breeding method,selecting,breeding the parent turtle from different groups,and screening their generations at various growth stages.