植物中的活性氧研究概述

The Research of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) in plants

活性氧作为有氧代谢的副产物不断在植物体内产生。在正常的生长环境条件下,植物将产生活性氧(reaction oxygen species,ROS)作为信号代谢分子以调控不同的代谢反应,例如病毒防御、细胞程序性死亡和气孔开闭等;当氧化胁迫发生时,胞内活性氧稳态受到严重破坏,影响作物的生长发育,从而降低作物产量及品质。为了降低因过量活性氧对植物体所造成的伤害,植物体内进化出了两种活性氧清除系统:酶清除系统和非酶清除系统。本文就此对植物在生长发育过程中ROS的产生、利弊、清除机制以及在作物改良上应用的可能性进行了系统的讨论。

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） were produced as intracellular by-products of aerobic metabolism. Under normal growth environment, ROS is a molecule signal to regulate different reactions, such as pathogen defense, programmed cell death and stomatal closure. While plants suffer oxidative stress, the ROS balance will be destroyed to influence the plants growth and development and even reduce the crops yield and quality. There are ROS scavenge systems in plants, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, which control the balance of ROS, in order to prevent the damage of excess ROS. This paper discussed the production,the advantages and disadvantages, the elimination mechanism of ROS during the development of plants and the potential application of modifying ROS level by molecular approaches on crop improvement.