从遵循“理论联系实际”原则到瞄准“战略高技术”方针——中国科学院技术学科布局的历史脉络及反思

From Following the Principle of "Combine the Theory with Practice" to Aiming at the "Strategic High Technology"Policy——Historical Context and Reflection of the Technical Discipline Layout of CAS

中国科学院自建院以来一直在国际科学前沿、国家经济建设与国防安全需求、社会可持续发展三个维度上寻求一种平衡。作为国家最高自然科学学术机构必须面向国际前沿、必须对人类有自己的贡献、必须自立于民族之林、必须引领中国科学的发展;作为国立研究机构又必须为新中国事关国计民生的经济建设与严峻的国防安全尽到自己的职责、必须成为国家高技术研发的重要基地、必须在国际高技术领域有一席之地;作为用纳税人的钱支撑的具有良知的学术团体又必须为社会可持续发展提供共享的资源与环境信息、必须为社会进步提供思想资源和文化食粮。中国科学院的技术学科布局与发展就是在这三种强大力量的左右下进行的,她所走过的道路就是由几乎全面扑向国家与社会的事无巨细的技术需求到抽身致力于更为关键与事关长远的战略高技术、建立研发"航空母舰"集群。

Since its foundation, The Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） has been seeking for a balance in three dimensions of the national economic construction, national defense security demand and social sustainable development. As the highest national natural science academic institution, CAS must be oriented to the international forefront, have its own contributions to human beings, be self-reliance in the national forest and lead the scientific development of China. Meanwhile, as a national research institution, CAS must fulfill its duty for the economic construction and serious national security which are beneficial to the people＇s livelihood of China, become the important base for national high-tech research and development and occupy a leading position in the international high-tech field. As an academic community with conscience which is supported by the money of taxpayers, CAS must supply shared resource and environment information for social sustainable development, ideological resource and cultural food for social progress. The technical discipline layout and development of CAS have been carried out under these three powerful sources. The way she walked was changing fi＇om meeting the overall technical needs of the whole country and society to devoting to more critical and long-term strategic high technology and the establishment of ＂aircraft cartier＂ cluster.