近代权利诉求的演进与特点

The Evolution and Characteristics of Appeal to Right in Modern Times

近代中国权利诉求有着鲜明的特色:第一,为权力而权利。从诉求权利的开始,国人最重视政治权利和自由,争"民权"为了能分权,争"国权"则走向集权,不是为分权就是为集权而谋权利。对权力的执著使得权利需求停留在精英层面,普通民众难以亲近,更无法沉醉。第二,为政治而权利。民族解放、国家富强始终是权利的目的,自由要让位于秩序,权利要服从民主。政治的高位使权利式微,不可能也不会成为终极追求。第三,为理想而权利。对权利,人们多激情的颂扬,少绵厚的论证;多宏大的描述,少精微的求实;重理论的抒发,轻制度的建构;重社会的进取,轻个人的自在。

The appeal to right in modem China has its distinct features：First, appeal to right for power. From the beginning, the Chinese people value political fight and freedom most. Fighting for ＂Civil Rights＂ divided power, while fighting for ＂National Rights＂ led to centralization of state power. In a word, they attempted to obtain rights either for divison of power or for centralization of power. while ordinary people were not able to get close to Struggling for power made needs for fights stay at the elite layers fights, let alone enjoy them. Second, appeal to fights for politics. National liberation and country being rich and powerful are the aim of right, therefore freedom gave way to order while rights should obey democracy. The height of politics caused rights to decline, making it impossible for fights to become ultimate pursuit. Third, appeal to rights for ideals. As pound and prove less, decrible more but seek reality less, vale for rights, people praise more with enthusiasm but extheory more but disregard system, emphasize the progress of society but ignore individual ease.