汉语词汇在域外的传承与创新——以中世日僧策彦周良的《初渡集》为例

Inheritance and Innovation of Chinese Words Overseas:A Case Study on Sakugen Shūryō's Work Syotosyū in Medieval Japan

汉语词汇传承至中世的日本后,许多词汇的内涵和用例都发生了不同于母体国的变异。如日僧策彦周良所撰的日记《初渡集》中"东坡"、"丁丁"、"庐陵"、"烟景"、"一指"及"买臣"等词语虽皆源自中国,但已明显有别于我国同时期的用法,词义发生了很大变化,其原因主要可以归纳为两点:一是新思想、新文化输入之结果;二是某些词汇一旦离开母体,其赖以生存的文化土壤就发生了变化,所以原来具有地域特色的文化信息易被摒弃或替换,常会通过表象或直觉赋以新意而作他用,这也正是域外汉语词汇的一种异于母体的传承与创新模式。

In the Medieval era, some new Chinese words and phrases were introduced to Japan. However,the majority of them changed their connotations in the new context. This is manifested in Syotosyu （初渡集）,the diary of a Japanese monk Sakugen Shuryo （策彦周良） while he was traveling in Ming China in the 16th century as an tributary envoy of Japanese Court. Although words like ＂dongpo（东坡）＂,＂dingding（丁丁）＂,＂lulling （庐陵）＂,＂yanjing（烟景）＂,＂yizhi（一指）＂ and ＂maichen（买臣）＂ in Syotosyu all originated from Ming China,they greatly changed their meanings and usages in Medieval Japan. There are two main reasons for the changes. Firstly, the Japanese intelligentsia brought new understandings to the Chinese words and phrases. Secondly, the original cultural connotation was abandoned or replaced in a different cultural context by new images and intuition. This is a new model of inheritance and innovation of Chinese words overseas.