中国区域经济发展的非均衡状况及原因分析

The Imbalanced Development of China's Regional Economy:Cause Analysis

在改革开放的三十余年里,中国的人均收入增加了近十倍,但一个不争的事实是,改革开放以来中国地区经济发展差距越来越大。数据显示,中国的东、中、西部三大地带间的差距非常突出,且三大地带内部各自的发展呈相对收敛态势,这更加剧了东部与中、西部间的区域差异。即使是东部沿海地区,其区域内局部地区的发展差距和收入差距也是非常明显的,且有反复及上升的趋势。解决发展中的地区差距和收入差距,历来有福利改善和经济发展两种途径,就中国而言,中央政府应承担更多的社会福利保障义务,地方政府应更多地推进地方经济发展。浙江、江苏一带的发展经验告诉我们,要改变中国区域经济发展的非均衡状况,发展民营经济是有效举措,同时应完善区域市场体系、推进城市化进程和加快城乡一体化,逐步缩小和控制区域差距及收入差距。

Since the reforms and the implementation of the open door policy in 1978, industrialization and urbanization has greatly contributed to the rapid economic development in China. A continuously high rate of economic growth has resulted in vast increases in GDP and a sharp upward trend in per capita income over the period from 1978 to the present. Despite a nearly tenfold increase in per capita income across all provinces over the last three decades, regional disparities have evidently increased since the reforms. The collected data shows that the income disparities in China mainly demonstrate themselves as interregional disparities instead of intraregional disparities. The rapid urbanization in China has led to farmers losing land, resulting in new types of urban and rural poverty. Around many big cities in China, people can see the metropolitan city life coexisting with poor county life. However, Zhejiang province has been maintaining a good balanced development within its region by relying on the booming private sector and the integral/concrete urbanization, and the regional disparities and rural-urban inequality have been successfully controlled and effectively eliminated. Welfare and economic development have been traditional alternatives for the elimination of the regional disparities. Specifically, inter-regional and intra-regional integration is important for reducing regional disparities and pursuing income equality. As far as China is concerned, the central government should take more responsibilities to improve the social security rights for citizens, while the local governments should spend more efforts in stimulating the local development. The successful experiences in Zhejiang and Jiangsu have demonstrated that the development of the private sector is the best measure in tackling the issues of regional imbalanced development. In combination with a more perfect regional market system, urbanization and rural-urban integration, we will be able to gradually reduce and restrain regional disparities and income disparities.