性别歧视话语与中西文化差异性

Sexism Discourse and Chinese and Western Cultural Discrepancies

话语不仅是指所表达的词语和概念,还包括意识形态的实践。性别歧视话语作为偏离客观事实的观念和态度,是性别意识形态的一部分,与社会文化有着密切联系,是男女地位不平等的反映。女性受到的压迫是一种以男性为中心的话语压迫,它以经济、政治、法律、社会结构为标志,其深层次的原因是男性拥有话语权。性别歧视话语是在男权制文化语境中产生的,男性这一统治性群体规定着话语,创造着符号,包括女性的符号。所以,在这种语境和话语中的女性处于不利地位,被男性定义、规定和贬斥,成为男性的附庸。在不同的文化、历史、政治、经济及社会背景中,其实也都隐含着性别观念的不同意识,我们要在全球化语境下,结合广阔的社会文化背景,分析和研究不同文化语境中的性别话语呈现。只有对传统性别话语进行清理,才能重新建构基于两性平等基础之上的性别话语。

Discourse does not only refer to the words and concepts being expressed, but also denotes the practices of ideology. Sexism discourse reflects the ideas and attitudes which stray away from objective facts and is a part of gender ideology. These ideas and attitudes are intimately related to social culture and are the mirror of inequality of social status between men and women. What the female suffers is the male-centered discourse oppression. The profound reason for this oppression is the male＇s possession of discourse right,which is also the symbol of economy,politics, law and social structures. Sexism discourse is generated in the patriarchal cultural contexts in which the male dominates and disciplines the discourse, creating signs as well as female signs. Women in such context and discourse are put in disadvantageous positions, defined by men, stipulated by men, depreciated by men and become men＇s vassals. Divergent gender ideologies are embedded in different cultural ,historical, political, economic and social backgrounds. We should analyze and make research on the representation of sexism discourse in combination with expansive social and cultural backgrounds in a global context. Only by sorting out traditional gender discourse can we reconstruct a gender discourse based on the equality between male and female.