我国蔬菜出口遭遇SPS措施的调查分析

Survey of SPS's Impact on Chinese Vegetable Export

加入WTO以来,SPS措施已成为我国农产品出口的主要障碍。来自山东、浙江和福建45家蔬菜出口企业的调查显示,62%的蔬菜出口企业受到SPS措施冲击,尤其是农药残留限量标准的影响最大。冷鲜蔬菜受到的影响较为严重,而来自日本的SPS措施对企业冲击最大。大型企业受到的冲击反而大于中小型企业,内资企业受到的影响大于外资企业。我国蔬菜受阻于SPS措施,既有国外标准的歧视性,国内外标准差异过大,信息不对称,行业协会的功能较弱等直接和外在因素,也有我国蔬菜的质量安全水平较低这一根本原因。为此,应对SPS措施短期内以提供信息及技术支持为主,长期则必须改变我国蔬菜的生产方式。

SPS has become the main barrier for export of agricultural product and food after China accession to WTO. This paper surveyed 45 enterprises engaging in vegetable export in Shandong, Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces and found that 62.22 % enterprises are affected by SPS,especially the MRL,and the impact from Japan is more serious than other markets. Fresh and cool vegetable are seriously affected. The influence on large-scale enterprises are larger than on medium-scale and small-scale ones, and lager on domestic enterprises than on foreign ones. The reasons of why the enterprises are restricted by SPS includes direct and external factors such as discrimination of SPS, the big difference between Chinese and foreign standards,insufficient information and the fundamental factors such as the low quality and safety of Chinese agricultural products. To deal with the SPS, the short-term measures aim at providing information and technical assistance, whereas the long-term strategy is to change export structure and production style of vegetable.