中国古代乡村治理模式的影响因素、特点及其变迁

Influencing Factors,Features and Changes of Rural Governance Model in Ancient China

以乡村治理模式为研究对象,把时间界定在古代封建社会时期,主要分析了乡村行政建制、官员选拔制度和土地赋税对乡村治理模式的影响,认为古代乡村治理模式呈现出皇权与绅权、皇权与族权相结合的特点,并依据这些影响因素和主要特征把古代乡村治理分成官方主导治理模式、官绅结合治理模式、士绅主导治理模式三个时期,把乡村治理模式的变迁过程清晰地呈现出来。

This article studies the rural governance model of the ancient Chinese feudal society. It mainly analyzes the impacts of rural administrative system, the system for selecting officials, and land tax on rural governance. The ancient rural governance model shows the combination of imperial power with the gentry and the family rights. Based on these factors and the main features, the rural governance can be divided into three types, the government-led model, the government-gentry model and the gentry-led model. By this way, the paper presents a clear process of the change of rural governance model.