俄国农奴制长期存在的原因探析

On the Reasons for the Long Existence of Russian Serfdom

农奴制度的长期存在是俄国历史发展的重要特点之一。俄国农奴制度晚至1861年才被宣布废除,原因在于它是沙皇专制制度的统治基础,是俄国贵族赖以存在的基本条件。同时,东正教影响下俄国农民的"好沙皇"观念及农民的生存需要也有助于俄国农奴制度的发展。在俄国历史上,农奴制度是一种弹性的制度,它实现了沙皇政府、贵族和农民之间的利益均衡,从而形成了一种低水平的均衡陷阱。这种均衡陷阱也是俄国农奴制度长期存在的一个原因。

The serfdom was one of the important characteristic that Russia history developed. That the serfdom there existing more than two hundred years in Russia was that serfdom had satisfied various Russia society benefit, that is, serfdom was the basis of Tsarist government,it also satisfied the benefit demand of Russian noble. To a certain extent, serfdom protected Russian peasantry who were influenced by the idea ＂Good Tsar＂ and the need of existence. In Russian history,serfdom was flexible. Its long existence was the result of interest coordination. In fact, Russian serfdom was a low level equilibrium trap. Although serfdom was ineffective,its existence was inseparable for the balance of interests of all social groups.