从龙勃罗梭与托尔斯泰之争看实证主义犯罪学

Delusion in Redemption:A Review on Positivism Criminology through the Argument between Lombroso and Tolstoy

尽管龙勃罗梭因为天生犯罪人论而倍受误解与非议,但他唯一不能释怀的却是托尔斯泰的批判,并甚至为此专程远赴俄国希望获得对方的理解。这为我们开启了一扇重新审视实证主义犯罪学的窗口。天生犯罪人论不过是一个以社会防卫论为刑事政策指向的庞大学术工程的开端。实证主义犯罪学通过批判过往的刑事理论,彻底扬弃了以报应为核心的刑罚观,将关注的重点从犯罪行为转向了承受刑罚之痛的主体———犯罪人,进而提出了革命性的犯罪人矫治理念。

Lombroso suffered people＇s misunderstandings and reproaches because of his born criminal theory, but the only thing he couldn＇t relieve is the critique from Leo Tolstoy, which made him travelled to Russia and tried only to gain his understanding. This extraordinary story opens us a window to reconsider the positivism criminology. The born criminal theory is nothing more than the beginning of a grand project aiming a criminal policy of social defense. Through criticizing the old criminal theories, the positivism criminology made a complete break with the retribution theory; changed the research point from criminal behaviors to criminal men; finally developed the revolutionary ideal of criminal treatment.