控制型规划和指导型规划及未来规划体系的发展趋势——以荷兰与英国为例

Regulatory and Discretionary Planning and Way Forward of Planning System: Cases of the N etherlands and the UK

在不同的时期,规划有不同的定义。而不同的国家因法律体系、行政体系,以及土地所有制等方面的差异,规划体系也不同。这是因为规划是政府根据法律对土地利用进行控制与管理的工具。但整体上,世界各国的规划体系可以大致划分为两种不同的类型,一种是控制型的规划体系和方式;另外一种是指导型的规划体系和方式。本文通过对代表控制型的规划体系——荷兰的规划体系和代表指导型的规划体系——英国的规划体系进行分析和比较研究,阐述和解析了这两种规划体系本质上的区别,即一种是一个技术决策的过程,而另外一种是一个政治行为的过程。研究表明,面对经济的全球化和日趋激烈的竞争,发展和规划将面临更多的不确定性。因此需要建立一种更为灵活,具有快速反应能力的规划机制。

Within different eras, there have been different definitions of planning. It is because of differences in legal system, administrative system and land ownership that planning systems differ from one to the others. Planning is a tool of government to control and manage land use according to the legislation. However, it is able to divide planning systems of different countries into two major types. One is called regulatory planning system and approach; the other is discretionary planning system and approach. Through analysing and comparing the planning system of the Netherlands, as representing regulatory planning system and approach and that of England and Wales, which represents discretionary planning system and approach, this paper identifies the underpinning concepts of the two approaches. One is a technical decision process; the other one is a political process. The research realises that under economic globalisation and competition, there will be more uncertainties in development and planning. It is then required to establish a planning mechanism with ？exibility and ability of rapid reaction.