美国交通规划体制中的大都市区规划组织

Metropolitan Planning Organization of the American Transportation Planning System

本文介绍了上世纪60年代以来出现的美国大都市区规划组织,分析了该组织的形成背景、发展历程、机构职能、作用及局限性。大都市区规划组织的出现是美国城市化和运输化进程与原有州、县及市镇行政体制产生矛盾,因而在行政组织上进行调整的结果,也是美国社会自治制度与交通规划所需要的综合性、合作性及连续性原则相结合的体现。

The Metropolitan Planning Organization （MPO） was established for the urbanized areas in the United States in the 1960s and it became an indispensable part of the institutional system of transportation planning. This paper introduces the background, development process and main functions of MPO and analyzed its role and limitations in the urban planning process. MPO is a result of organizational adjustment due to the serious conflicts between the fast-growing urbanization together with transportation development and the previous administrative system organized as states, counties, municipalities and towns. Moreover, MPO itself reflects the integration of social autonomous system of the Unite States and the principles of continuing, cooperative and comprehensive planning process.