北京市某高校护理实习生对HIV阳性者护理态度及意愿调查分析

Survey on nursing attitude and willingness towards HIV positive patients among interns of nursing school in Beijing City

目的了解北京市某高校护理实习生对于HIV阳性者的护理态度及意愿,并分析其影响因素,为更好地提高护理实习生的防护知识水平、改善歧视态度、促进护理行为提出合理化的建议。方法采用整群抽样方法对某高校护理学院专科实习学生178人进行了艾滋病相关防护知识、对HIV阳性者就医过程中的态度、对HIV阳性者的护理意愿、对HIV阳性者护理意愿的改变的问卷调查。结果护理实习生的艾滋病防护知识掌握较好,平均分为7.7±1.2分;对HIV阳性者歧视态度水平中等,平均分为47.9±7.5分;护理意愿水平较高,平均分为31.7±7.4分。护理实习生艾滋病职业暴露与职业防护知识得分8道题的正确率均高于80%,但"将针帽套回针头"一题,正确率仅有41.6%。2007级与2008级歧视态度各条目中"因性交易而患艾滋病的病人应受良好照顾"及"因吸毒而患艾滋病的病人应受良好照顾"得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2007级与2008级护理实习生护理意愿各条目中"为病人更换床单"及"为病人测量生命体征"同意率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理实习生的知识水平与护理意愿无统计学相关性,歧视态度与护理意愿呈负相关(r=-0.354,P<0.01)。了解病人的感染途径后,62.0%和27.9%的实习生表示不会护理由非配偶间性行为、吸毒而感染的HIV阳性者。结论为进一步改善护理实习生对HIV阳性者的正确护理态度和意愿,除正确防护知识外,还应加强护理实习生医学伦理教育和职业道德的培养。

Objective To understand the status of attitude and willingness towards HIV positive patients among interns of nursing school, to analyze influencing factors, and to propose advices to improve the level of knowledge, the atti- tude and the willing. Methods Questionnaire survey was taken by self-designed questionnaire, total 178 of nursing interns were participated. HIV/AIDS related protective knowledge, nursing attitude, willingness to I-IIV positive patients and will- ingness change were included in questionnaire. Results Nursing interns had good HIV/AIDS preventive knowledge and average score was 7.7 ＋ 1.2. Average score of prejudice attitude was 47. 9 ~ 7.5, in middle level. Average score of nursing willingness was 31.7 ~ 7.4, in middle level. The accuracies of eight items of knowledge were higher than 80%, yet the ac- curacy of the item ＂the hat of the syringe can be put back＂ was as low as 41.6%. The average scores of two items ＂deserve good care-commercial sex＂ and ＂deserve good care-drug use＂ of the prejudice attitude had significant difference between grade 2007 and 2008 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The accuracies of two items ＂changing sheet＂ and ＂measuring life sign＂ of the willing- ness in grade 2007 and grade 2008 had significant difference between grade 2007 and 2008 （ P 〈 0. 05）. There were no statistical correlation between knowledge level and nursing willingness, while negative coefficient was found between preju- dice attitude and nursing willingness （r = - 0. 354, P 〈 0. 01 ）. 62.0% and 27.9% of interns showed changing nursing willingness on HIV positive patients infected by extramarital sexual intercourse and drugs. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen medical ethics and professional morality education in nursing interns in order to improve further correct nursing attitude and willingness to HIV positive patients.