一种新型的电梯限速器

A New Type of Elevator Speed Governor

电梯限速器是一种限制电梯轿厢移动速度的装置。当轿厢超速运行达到限速器的限定速度时,限速器立即停止运转,带动钢丝绳借助安全钳联动机构使电梯制停,从而充分保证电梯上乘客与货物的安全。针对机械式限速器存在的不足,文中介绍了一种新型的电梯限速器。该限速器通过光电编码器来检测限速器轮盘的转速,结合轮盘的节圆直径算出轿厢移动的速度。采用AT89S52单片机来接收编码器的脉冲信号并计算轿厢的移动速度,根据采集速度的大小控制一只电磁伸缩杆来触发限速器的机械限速机构。文中分析了新型限速器的工作原理,给出了机械结构简图,设计了详细的测控系统原理图,最后制作了限速器样机。实验室试用结果表明:该新型限速器机械结构简单,限速动作迅速,速度测量精度高,精度保持性好,具有一定的推广使用价值。

Elevator speed governor is an equipment to limit the moving speed of the elevator lift car. When the lift ear exceeds the speed limit, the speed governor stops rotating quickly and brakes the lift car through steel wire ropes and safety pincers so as to fully guarantee the safety of passengers and cargoes. In view of the deficiencies of mechanical speed governor, a new type of elevator speed governor is designed in the paper, which measures the rotating speed of the speed governor wheel with the aid of photoelectric encoder, and calculates the moving speed of the lift car combined with the pitch circle diameter of the speed governor wheel. The AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer is used to receive the encoder pulses and calculate the moving speed of the elevator lift car, and control an electro-magnetic expansion link to trigger the mechanism of the speed governor according to the measured speed. In the paper, the working principle of the new type speed governor is analyzed, the mechanical schematic diagram is given and the detailed circuits of the measuring and controlling system are designed, and the prototype of the new type speed governor is manufactured finally. The trial results in the laboratory indicate that this new type speed governor is simple in mechanical structure, acts quickly when limiting speed, has high speed measuring precision and good precision maintainability. So it has wide prospects of being widely popularized.