小桐子油脂提取工艺研究及脂肪酸组成分析

TECHNICAL STUDIES OF EXTRACTING Jatropha Curcas L. SEED OIL AND ANALYSING THE COMPOSITIONS OF FATTY ACID

研究了以小桐子种仁为原料提取油脂的工艺条件。以石油醚为提取溶剂,固液质量比1:4的条件进行索氏提取、超声波萃取、超临界萃取及浸出提取4种方法比较,得出浸出法提取效果较好。通过对比12种不同极性有机溶剂的浸出实验,选出浸出效果较好的提取溶剂——石油醚。石油醚浸出小桐子油的较佳工艺条件是固液质量比1:4,浸出时间0.5h,浸出温度70℃,该条件下浸出1次得率为64.94%。采用GPC分析小桐子油脂的相对分子量为1224,油脂含量95.35%。其油脂脂肪酸GC-MS分析表明,小桐子油中含有脂肪酸6种,主要为十五酸、9,12-十八二烯酸、7,10-十八二烯酸,其中,不饱和脂肪酸总含量为75.77%。

The process conditions of extracting oil from Jatropha curcas L. seed were studied. Lixiviation process was chosen as a better method of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil extraction through comparative experiments using Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, supercritical extraction and lixiviation process with petroleum ether and solid-to-liquid mass ratio of 1：4 as mixture. Then petroleum ether with preferable effect was selected as extraction solvent through extraction experiments using 12 polar organic solvents on Jatropha curcas L. seed oil. And the bette process condition of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil extraction was solid-to-liquid mass ratio of 1 ： 4,0.5h for extraction at 70℃ just once and the oil yeild was 64.94%. Relative molecular weight and content of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil detected by GPC were 1224 and 95.35%, respectively. The fatty acid was analyzed by GC-MS, and 6 kinds of compounds were identified. The main components of fatty acid were pentadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecanoic acid, 7,10-octadecenoic acid, the content of unsaturated fatty acid is 75.77% among them.