德昌县艾滋病流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemic Characteristics of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Dechang County

目的掌握德昌县艾滋病流行趋势,为制订防控措施提供准确依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法分析德昌县1995年以来艾滋病疫情资料。结果自1995年德昌县报告首例艾滋病感染者至2011年8月共报告艾滋病感染者/患者262例,年均报告发病率18.95/10万,2008年2010年报告发病率呈快速增长趋势;男性年均发病率26.57/10万,女性11.05/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.94,P=0.002),男女性别比为2.49︰1;年龄分布以20～45岁和55～75岁高发为特征,两个年龄段合计占病例报告总数93.49%;农民、不详2项职业的艾滋病病例数占全部病例的82.4%,职业高峰明显;异性传播及注射毒品是德昌县艾滋病的主要传播途径,分别占病例总数的64.89%、32.82%。异性传播中有29例为夫妻间家庭式感染病例,另外还有3例为母婴传播病例。结论德昌县艾滋病疫情快速增长,形势严峻,须加强艾滋病防治知识宣传,提高全民预防艾滋病的意识;各部门互相合作,对娱乐场所进行监管;加强对流动人口的管理;进一步完善咨询检测网络,提高艾滋病的发现率,以有效控制艾滋病的蔓延。

Objective To understand the epidemiological trend of acquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） in Dechang County so as to provide a scientific base for prevention and control of AIDS. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the AIDS epidemic data in Dechang county. Results From 1995 when the first case of HIV infection was confirmed to August 2011, a total of 262 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported with a total infection rate of 18. 95/100 000. From 2008 to 2010, the reported infections showed rapid growth. The annual infection rate of male was 26. 57/100 000 and female 11.05/100 000 with a significant difference （g2： 43. 94, P： 0. 002）. The ratio of male to female infections was 2.49 ： 1. Most of the AIDS cases were young adults aged between 20 and 45 years and old people aged between 55 and 75 years old who occupied 93. 49% of the total infectious cases. The number of reported AIDS cases of farmer and unknown occupations accounted for 82. 4% and there was an obvious occupations peak. Most patients in the county were infected by heterosexual sexual contact and injecting drugs, which accounted for 64. 890% and 32. 82% of the total respectively. The AIDS cases of 29 infected couples and 3 mother-to-child transmission. Conclusions AIDS epidemic growth is rapid in Dechang county with the situation being quite grim. We should enhance the AIDS prevention propaganda in the publicity, to raise national awareness of AIDS prevention. The related departments should cooperate to regulate the illegal entertainment and strengthen the management of migrant workers. The counseling and testing network should be improved so as to raise the detection rate and control the spread of AIDS.