儿童运动协调能力与生长发育水平的关联性研究

Relationship between children＇s motor coordination and their physical growth

目的初步探讨儿童运动协调能力与生长发育水平的关联性，为明确两者的因果关系，有效促进儿童的生长发育水平提供线索。方法在上海市虹口、普陀、浦东3个区整群抽取10所幼儿园进行调查，共1099名儿童纳入分析，采用发育性协调障碍问卷（DCDQ）对儿童的运动协调能力进行评测。采用结构方程模型对运动协调能力与儿童生长发育水平之间的关联性进行分析，采用多组结构方程模型对不同性别、年龄和是否超重儿童的关联模型差别进行分析。结果1099名研究对象中，男童561人（51％），女童538人（49％），3岁～组354人（32．2％），4岁一组441人（40．1％），5岁～组276人（25．2％），6～7岁组28人（2．5％）。结构方程模型分析结果显示在儿童运动协调的功能表现中，精细运动、粗大运动和一般协调性均与生长发育水平呈正相关，具有统计学意义（标准化系数分别为0．36，0．40，0．37，P均〈0．001）；多组结构方程模型分析结果显示不同性别和年龄的结构方程模型未发现明显差异（P均〉0．05），但超重和正常组的结构模型存在差异，其中仅粗大运动与儿童生长发育水平的结构系数存在组间差异（t值=1．697，P〈0．05）。结论儿童运动协调能力与生长发育水平存在一定关联性，并且超重和正常组儿童的粗大运动与生长发育水平的关联程度存在差异，为深入开展儿童生长发育水平影响因素的研究奠定了基础。

Objective To explore the relationship between children＇s motor coordination and their physical growth to provide clues for clarifying the causal relationship between them and to effectively enhance the children＇s physical growth. Method Ten kindergartens were selected randomly from district of Hongkou, Putuo and Pudong in Shanghai, and 1099 children were included in the analysis. The children＇s motor coordination was assessed using Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire （DCDQ）. The relationship between the children＇s motor coordination and their physical growth were analyzed by Structural Equation Model （SEM）. The above relationship by different gender, age and BMI （overweight or not） were analyzed with multi-group SEM. Results Of 1099 subjects, 561 were boys （51%） , and 538 were girls （49%）. Of the total subjects, 354 （32.2%） were children aged 3- years old, 441 （40. 1%） were children aged 4- years, 276 （25.2%） were children aged 5- years, and 28 were children（2. 5% ）aged 6- years old. The result of SEM showed that the children＇s gross motor, fine motor and general motor ability was correlated positively with children＇s physical growth（ P 〈 0. 001 ） , their standardized estimation of structural coefficient were 0.40,0. 36,0. 37 respectively. The result of multi-group SEM showed that there was no significant difference in the SEM between different gender and ages. The fine motor ability was positively correlated with child physical growth （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. There was no inter-group difference in the structural model （ each P 〉 0. 05 ）. However, there was difference in the structural model between overweight and normal group, of them, only the structural coefficient of gross motor and physical growth were different between the two groups （ t = 1. 697, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion There is a relationship between children＇ s motor coordination and physical growth. The degree of association between the gross moter and physical growth in overweight children were different from the normal children. Further study on the factors influencing the children＇s physical growth is needed.