葡萄膜炎的视功能预后

Prognosis of visual function of uveitis

葡萄膜炎是造成视功能损害的重要病因之一。视功能的评价手段包括视力、视野、对比敏感度、色党、视觉电生理等，其中，视力是最直观实用的手段。各种病因所引起的葡萄膜炎视力预后差异较大，炎症的严重程度、炎症部位、并发症不同，对视力的影响程度也不同。视力损害最常见于全葡萄膜炎患者，且年龄较大的全葡萄膜炎患者发生严重视力损害的风险增加，双眼葡萄膜炎患者炎症一般较重且不易控制。在各种病因中，结节病性葡萄膜炎、Behcet病、青少年类风湿性关节炎伴发葡萄膜炎者视力预后较差。葡萄膜炎的并发症也可以直接引起视功能损害，黄斑囊样水肿（CME）是葡萄膜炎最常见的并发症，也是引起葡萄膜炎患者视力损害最常见的原因。葡萄膜炎患者的对比敏感度、视野、视网膜电图检查同样可以遗留异常。就葡萄膜炎的视功能预后及其影响因素进行综述。

Uveitis is one of the leading causes of visual impairment. The method of evaluate to visual function include visual acuity, visual field, contrast sensitivity, color vision and visual electrophysiology. Among these methods, the most direct and common one is visual acuity. The visual outcomes are various because of the differences of cause of disease, severity of inflammation, location of lesion and complications. Visual impairment is most common in panuveitis. The risk of serious visual impairment is increased with aging. Bilateral inflammation is more serious and difficult to cure. Of varied causes of disease, the visual outcomes in sarcoid-related uveitis, Beheet＇ s disease and juvenile arthritis-related uveitis are poor. The complications of uveitis can cause visual impairment directly as well. Cystoid macular edema is the most common complication of uveitis,and which to bring up to visual impairment. There are abnormalities left in contrast sensitivity, visual field and electroretinogram. This article mainly summarize the visual function outcomes of uveitis and factors affecting the visual function.