积雪分布及其对中国气候影响的研究进展

Research progress of snow cover and its influence on China climate

对北半球不同地区的积雪分布状况、积雪异常影响中国气候的事实以及影响机理等问题的研究成果进行了较系统的回顾与总结。青藏高原、蒙古高原、欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉及北美中西部是北半球积雪分布的关键区,其中青藏高原是北半球积雪异常变化最强烈的区域。中国积雪分布范围广泛,其中新疆、东北和青藏高原是3个大值区。总体来看,北半球积雪有减少的趋势,而中国积雪却有弱的增加趋势。冬、春季高原积雪与欧亚积雪对中国夏季降水的影响是相反的。积雪影响中国气候的机理解释为:冬季积雪反照率效应起主要作用,春夏季积雪水文效应起主要作用。积雪被视为中国短期气候预测的一个重要物理因子,继续加强该领域的研究对于提高中国短期气候预测的准确率将有重要意义。

The distribution of snow cover over the Northern Hemisphere,the facts of anomalous snow cover influencing the climate in China and the influence mechanism are systematically reviewed and summarized.The Tibetan Plateau,the Mongolian Plateau,the European Alps and the mid-west of North America are the key areas of snow cover over the Northern Hemisphere,and the Tibetan Plateau is the most sensitive region of snow cover anomaly.Snow cover is widely distributed in China with three high value regions over Xinjiang,Northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau.Conclusively,there is a decreasing tendency for snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere,but a weak increasing trend in China.There are opposite effects of winter-spring snow cover in Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau on summer precipitation in China.The mechanism of snow cover influencing climate in China is explained as：The snow cover albedo effect plays a major role in winter and the snow cover hydrological effect in spring-summer.Snow cover is a very important physical factor in short-term climate prediction of China.It has great significance to strengthen research in this area for improving the accuracy of short-term climate forecasting in China.