老年人静态姿势稳定性及摆动频谱特征分析

Static postural stability and sway spectrum of elderly individuals

目的观察老年人静态姿势摆动频谱和稳定性,分析老年人平衡功能下降的风险因素。方法选择60-94岁老年患者85例,分为60-74岁组和≥75岁组。18-30岁健康对照组41例。采用Tetrax平衡测试系统测试受试者睁眼自然站立状态下的姿势摆动频谱和稳定性指数(ST)。结果姿势摆动强度(0.01-0.10)Hz:各组间差异不显著(P=0.110);(0.10-3.00)Hz:≥75岁组>60-74岁组/对照组,而对照组与60-74岁组比较差异不显著;≥3.00Hz:≥75岁组>健康对照组>60-74岁组。≥75岁组与60-74岁组比较在a=0.1水平存在显著性差异(P=0.094),而健康对照组与60-74岁组比较差异不显著(P=0.656)。ST:≥75岁组>60-74岁组>健康对照组。≥75岁组与健康对照组和60-74岁组比较差异均显著(P=0.000),而健康对照组与60-74岁组比较差异不显著(P=0.436)。结论≥75岁老年人静态姿势控制能力下降明显。外周前庭、中枢前庭和本体感觉功能异常是主要因素。

Objective To observe the static postural sway spectrum and postural stability of elderly individuals at different ages and analyze the main risk factors for impairment in static balance among elderly individuals over the age of 60 years.Methods Eighty-five elderly individuals at the age of 60-94 years were divided into 60-74 years old group and≥75 years old group.Forty-one healthy individuals at the age of 18-30 years served as a control group.Their static stability（ST） and postural sway spectrum in standing with eyes opened were measured using the Tetrax balance system.Results No significant difference was observed in postural sway intensity at F1（0.01-0.10Hz） among different groups.The postural sway intensity at F2-F7（0.10–3.00Hz） and at F8（≥3.00 Hz） was higher in≥75 years old group than in 60-74 years old group and control group（P〈0.01） with no significant difference between 60-74 years old group and control group.The ST was higher in≥75 years old group than in 60-74 years old group and control group（P〈0.05） with no significant difference between 60-74 years old group and control group.Conclusion The static postural control ability of old people at the age of≥75 years is significantly decreased.The dysfunction of peripheral and central vestibule and propriception is the main factor for the decreased postural control ability among elderly people.