电子束辐照对泥蚶肉营养成分的影响

EFFECT OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION ON NUTRITIONAL INGREDIENT OF Tegilarca granosa MEAT

以海洋贝类泥蚶Tegillarca granosa为对象,研究1、3、5、7和9kGy电子束辐照对泥蚶肉营养成分、蛋白质氨基酸组成及其脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,不同剂量电子束辐照对泥蚶水分、蛋白质含量没有显著影响,9kGy辐照对泥蚶的灰分含量有显著影响;辐照后泥蚶脂肪均显著减少,并随辐照剂量增大损失率上升;辐照对氨基酸组成无显著影响,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比(EAA/TAA)和必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比(EAA/NEAA)均符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质模式;辐照处理并没有改变泥蚶的限制性氨基酸种类(第一、第二限制性氨基酸分别为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸、缬氨酸);1～7kGy辐照后泥蚶多不饱和脂肪酸总相对含量显著上升;5、7、9kGy剂量组泥蚶中亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸相对含量均有所提高,尤其是9kGy处理后泥蚶中这3种必需脂肪酸的相对含量分别增加94.61%、41.37%和89.91%;3、5、9kGy处理后,泥蚶肉的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)相对含量显著提高,而二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)则对辐照表现出较高的敏感性,随着剂量的增加,DHA的相对含量减小,9kGy组泥蚶肉未检测到DHA。结合电子束辐照对泥蚶的杀菌效果及感官评分,3～5kGy是电子束辐照泥蚶的适宜剂量。

The influences of 0,1,3,5,7 and 9kGy electron beam irradiation on the contents of protein and amino acid and the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in Tegillarca granosameat were investigated.The results showed that the electron beam had no significant effect on contents of moisture,ash and protein.Fat was sensitive to electron beam irradiation,which decreased with the increasing of irradiation dose.The composition of amino acids remained stable with different doses.The values of EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA were kept in accordance with FAO/WHO protein model.Besides,electron beam irradiation made no effect on the limiting amino acid（the first and second limiting amino acids were Met ＋ Cys and Val,respectively）.The relative content of PUFA increased significantly 1~7kGy irradiation.Electron beam irradiation produced a notable impact on the essential fatty acid,induced the increase of linoleic acid,linolenic acid and arachidonic acid at the doses of 5~9kGy.After the irradiation of 9kGy,the increments of relative contents of the three essential fatty acids reached 94.61%,41.37% and 89.91%,respectively.Electron beam irradiation had positive effect on EPA with the doses of 3,5 and 9kGy.However,DHA was sensitive to electron beam irradiation,whose relative content decreased with the increasing of irradiation dose and undetected at the dose of 9kGy.According to the research of decontamination effect,the recommended dose of electron beam irradiation on Tegillarca granosawas fixed at 3~5kGy.