河北及京津地区早中全新世文化的时空分布及其气候环境因素

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Early-Middle Holocene Cultures and Its Possible Environmental Driver Factors in the North China Plain

本文根据考古学14C年代数据和考古遗存情况,结合高分辨率的地层和古气候研究资料,分析了河北及京津地区早中全新世文化的时空分布格局以及影响遗址分布的地貌和气候因素。该地区早中全新世文化时间序列为：早期新石器时代文化（10,000~8,800 yr BP）、新石器早中期之间的文化缺环（约8,800~7,300 yr BP）、7,300~6,500yr BP的磁山.兴隆洼.北福地一期三大文化系统并立发展时期以及6,500~6,000 yr BP的前仰韶文化时期。文化序列与气候序列对比发现：文化发展很大程度上受到气候条件的制约。从文化分布空间来看,具有如下特征：首先,早中全新世时期的文化分布在与当时海岸线平行的弧形地带上,这种分布格局与气候和地貌条件有关。在排除了地势高亢和海侵影响地区后,太行山东麓到古海岸线之间的弧形地带成为最佳选择。其次,从遗址分布高度来看,当时人仍居住在较高地貌面上,海侵及众多湖沼阻止了人类向东部平原腹地迈进的步伐。

Using the 14C dates and the relics of archaeological sites and combining with the paleoclimatology records,we assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of known archaeological sites in the North China Plain.We discuss the distribution of archaeological sites in the study region as a function of various factors,including cultural activities,climatic changes,and the landform development.The Neolithic sequences of this region are followed： early Neolithic（10,000~8,900 yr BP）,the cultural interruptions between early and middle Neolithic（about 8,900~7,300 yr BP）,the simultaneousl development of the three culture systems Cishan-Xinglongwa-Beifudi（7,000 yr BP） and the Pre-Yangshao culture at 6,500~6,000 yr BP.The compare analysis shows that past climatic changes have played an import role on the culture development.The spatial distribution characterizes of the Neolithic cultures in the North China Plain are followed： first,the cultures in the early-middle Holocene almost was distributed along the arc zones that was parallel to the ancient coastline of Bohai Bay.The distribution pattern was relative to the environmental and geomorphologic conditions.At early-middle Holocene,both the high topographic Zhangbei Plateau and the lower altitude plain was not favorable for human habitation,the arc zones between east of Taihang Mountain and the ancient coastline of Bohai Bay was the optimal area for human occupation.Second,height of the archaeological sites showed that people at that time were still lived at higher elevation and perhaps the transgression and numerous lakes and swamps prevented the process of people expanding into the centre of the plain regions.