散村的形成及其演变——以江汉平原腹地的乡村聚落形态及其演变为中心

Formatting and Evolution of the Scattered Villages in the Traditional China:Discussion Around the Form of Rural Settlement in Jiang-Han Plain

传统时代江汉平原腹地的乡村聚落,主要选择地势稍高的自然墩台、长冈或建造人工墩台,以躲避洪水的侵袭;很多台墩依堤而建或与堤相联,但台墩之间并不相连,从而形成以散居为主导的乡村聚落形态。江汉平原腹地以散居为主导的乡村聚落形态之形成,有其根深蒂固的地理基础与社会经济根源。环境与资源条件的限制、传统的经济生活方式,乃是散村形成并长期延续下来的根本原因。

In the traditional times,in order to avoid flood damage,people who lived in the Jiang-Han plain chose to take up their settlements in natural or man-made mounds or dikes locating in high terrains;most of these mounds were build around or leaning against the dikes,with each mound separated from one another,which contributed to the dominant formation of scattered rural settlement.This form of rural settlement was well-established based on the geographic features and social and economic reasons of the plain.And it will continuously extend,which attributes to the restraints from the environment and the resources and traditional life styles of this region.