刑法中伪造、变造含义辨析

Analysis of the Connotation of Forgery and Alteration in Criminal Law

国外刑法理论认为伪造包含最广义、狭义和最狭义三种含义,综观我国刑法规定,可将伪造、变造的含义分为四种情况:一是"伪造"属于广义的伪造,包括变造,具体包含了有形伪造、无形伪造、有形变造、无形变造;二是"伪造"属于狭义的伪造,不包括变造,"伪造"仅指有形伪造与无形伪造,"变造"指有形变造与无形变造;三是"伪造"属于最狭义的伪造,仅指有形伪造;四是"伪造"仅指无形伪造与无形变造。

In other countries’ criminal theory,forgery contains three kinds of connotations：the broadest sense,the narrow sense and the narrowest sense.According to the criminal rules in our country generally,we can classify the connotation of the forgery and alteration as four situations：firstly,the ＂forgery＂ belongs to the broad sense of forgery,including alteration,to be exactly it contains visible forgery,invisible forgery,visible alteration and invisible alteration;secondly,＂forgery＂ belongs to the narrow sense of forgery,alteration is not included,＂forgery＂ only refers to the visible forgery and invisible forgery,while the alteration refers to the visible alteration and invisible alteration;thirdly,the ＂forgery＂ belongs to the narrowest forgery,that visible forgery;the last situation is that the ＂forgery＂ only means invisible forgery and alteration.