论内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪中“非法获取人员”的认定——美国法的“信息泄露理论”与“盗用理论”在中国的适用

On the Identity of the "Illegal Gained Personnel" in the Inside Facts Transaction and Inside Facts Disclosed Charge——Application of American "Information Disclosed Theory" and "Embezzlement Theory" in China

中国法将内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪的主体规定为知情人员与非法获取人员,而关于非法获取人员的范围与认定标准等都欠缺详细的规定。依据立法规定,并参照外国法理论,非法获取人员应是指除内幕人员外,可以凭借与发行公司或内幕人员的关系而非法获得内幕信息的人员,或者利用非法手段取得内幕信息的人员。对非法知情人员,美国判例则创制出了"信息泄露理论"与"盗用理论"以规制该类人员的内幕交易责任。对内幕人员的配偶与直系血亲,中国法应明文规定其相关责任,并利用"信息泄露理论"进行规制,而对其他以非法手段获知内幕信息的人员,则不妨适用"盗用理论"以进行惩治。

Chinese law states the object of the inside facts transaction and inside facts disclosed charge to be the insider and the illegal gained personnel,but there is lack of definition for the range and standard of the illegal gained personnel.According to the law,and referring to the law theory abroad,the illegal gained personnel is such person who can gain the inside facts through the good relationship with the issued company or some insider related,besides the insiders,or those who can gain the information by illegal means.For the illegal insider,American cases created the ＂inside facts transaction＂ and ＂inside facts disclosed＂ charge to standardized the duty of such kind of person.In Chinese law,there should be definite responsibility of the related person,such as the spouse and lineal relatives,and make use of the ＂information disclosed theory＂ to regulate,and for those people who gain the inside facts through illegal ways,we can use the ＂embezzlement theory＂ to punish them.