如何进行奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗的合理评估

How to Evaluate Efficacy of Staphylococcus Aureus Vaccines for Bovine Mastitis

奶牛乳房炎是造成全球奶业经济损失的主要原因,而金黄色葡萄球菌是最主要的病原菌。本文系统、直观地对研究奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗的科研结论进行量化总结和评估,目的是为奶牛乳房炎疫苗的研发提供新思路,为设计合理的奶牛乳房炎疫苗给动物评估试验方案提供科学依据。本文在Pubmed、Science数据库和CNKI数据库对"奶牛乳房炎疫苗"类的文章进行了合理的电子检索,然后对细菌疫苗、细菌类毒素疫苗、DNA-重组蛋白疫苗、单一的重组蛋白疫苗等方面的科研论文从试验设计、方法、疫苗类型和研究结果 4个方面进行了全面的分析。结果表明,采用DNA、重组蛋白新技术的疫苗和传统的细菌疫苗已取得良好效果,疫苗可以成为预防和控制金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎的最好或最有前景的一种途径。但是研究方法差异和双盲试验的缺乏阻碍对疫苗效果的合理评估。

Bovine mastitis is the main cause of economic loss in milk production worldwide and Staphylococcus aureus is the agent most frequently associated with the disease.The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of vaccines for bovine mastitis caused by S.aureus and suggest the immunotherapeutic protocols that have achieved the best and/or most promising results.An electronic search was made of the PubMed and Web of Science databases as well as CNKI database.Only studies that tested vaccines in vivo in cows were included.The experimental design,methodological quality,type of vaccine and results of the studies were analyzed.In general,bacterin-toxoid vaccines,vaccines of DNA-recombinant protein and single recombinant protein were investigated in the studies selected.This systematic review suggests that vaccines that employ new technologies（DNA and/or recombinant protein vaccines） and some long-standing bacterins have achieved good results,which supports their use in the prevention and control of bovine mastitis caused by S.aureus.However,methodological differences and in some cases,a lack of more severe scientific criteria（such as double blind protocols） hinder the assessment of the efficacy of these vaccines.