论新闻侵权的抗辩事由及新闻侵权防范

On Torts in Journalism:Reasons of Counterplea and Prevention Measures

新闻侵权是一种不同于一般民事侵权的致害行为。新闻侵权抗辩事由是指新闻媒介或记者的新闻活动虽然给他人造成了损害、被诉侵权,但如果存在舆论监督的需要、公正评论、特许报道权、受害人同意、内容真实和合理使用六种事由时,该行为依法不构成侵权行为的情形,不承担民事责任。新闻媒介可以采取避免报道内容失实、坚持角色本位、健全新闻法律制度等措施来尽量防范新闻侵权的发生。

Torts in journalism refer to harm-causing behaviors that differ from general civil tort.The notion of the reasons of counterplea against torts in journalism is that although the news media or journalists＇ activities have caused harm to others and are sued for,on the condition that there exist needs for public opinion supervision,fair comment,report right with special permission,consent of the victims,truthful content and reasonable use,the news activities are not regarded as torts,and the news media and journalists will not take responsibilities in civil law.The news media can take such counter-measures as avoiding false news report,insisting on high-standard ethics,and perfecting the news legal system to prevent torts in journalism.