公布违法事实的法律属性分析

An Analysis of the Legal Attribute of Publicizing Illegal Facts

作为一种新型的政府规制手段,公布违法事实已经在我国当下诸多行政管理领域得到运用,并为环境保护、食品安全、产品质量及证券监管立法初步认可。法律概念用语的模糊、程序及责任规定的缺失,致使公布违法事实手段的运用呈现杂乱无序的格局。依托行政行为形式化原理,可对公布违法事实的法律属性作声誉罚、公共警告、行政处罚结果公开形式及行政强制执行手段的区分。鉴于公布违法事实手段的不当运用容易侵害到行政相对人的合法权益,应当分别从行使条件的拟订、正当程序的遵守和预防性救济机制的建构等三个方面对其进行有效控制。

As a new type of government regulations, publicizing illegal facts has been applied in many fields of administrations and has been preliminarily admitted in legislations of environment protection, food safety, product quality and securities supervision. Publicizing illegal facts is in disorder because of ambiguous legal terms, lack of stipulations of procedures and duties. In accordance with formalized administrative acts, illegal facts can be publicized as the result of punishment against reputation, public warning, publicizing administrative penalties and arbitrary administrative executive methods. Since inappropriate application of publicizing illegal facts might jeopardize the legal interests of administrative counterpart, publicizing illegal facts should be effectively controlled from the following aspects： drafting applicable conditions, following due process and creating preventive relief system.