摘要
With the rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance,the treatment success of standard triple therapy has recently declined to unacceptable levels (i.e.,80% or less) in most countries.Therefore,several treatment regimens have emerged to cure Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection.Novel first-line anti-H.pylori therapies in 2011 include sequential therapy,concomitant quadruple therapy,hybrid (dual-concomitant) therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.After the failure of standard triple therapy,a bismuth-containing quadruple therapy comprising a proton pump inhibitor (PPI),bismuth,tetracycline and metronidazole can be employed as rescue treatment.Recently,triple therapy combining a PPI,levofloxacin and amoxicillin has been proposed as an alternative to the standard rescue therapy.This salvage regimen can achieve a higher eradication rate than bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in some regions and has less adverse effects.The best second-line therapy for patients who fail to eradicate H.pylori with first-line therapies containing clarithromycin,amoxicillin and metronidazole is unclear.However,a levofloxacin-based triple therapy is an accepted rescue treatment.Most guidelines suggest that patients requiring third-line therapy should be referred to a medical center and treated according to the antibiotic susceptibility test.Nonetheless,an empirical therapy (such as levofloxacin-based or furazolidone-based therapies) can be employed to terminate H.pylori infection if antimicrobial sensitivity data are unavailable.
With the rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance,the treatment success of standard triple therapy has recently declined to unacceptable levels （i.e.,80% or less） in most countries.Therefore,several treatment regimens have emerged to cure Helicobacter pylori （H.pylori） infection.Novel first-line anti-H.pylori therapies in 2011 include sequential therapy,concomitant quadruple therapy,hybrid （dual-concomitant） therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.After the failure of standard triple therapy,a bismuth-containing quadruple therapy comprising a proton pump inhibitor （PPI）,bismuth,tetracycline and metronidazole can be employed as rescue treatment.Recently,triple therapy combining a PPI,levofloxacin and amoxicillin has been proposed as an alternative to the standard rescue therapy.This salvage regimen can achieve a higher eradication rate than bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in some regions and has less adverse effects.The best second-line therapy for patients who fail to eradicate H.pylori with first-line therapies containing clarithromycin,amoxicillin and metronidazole is unclear.However,a levofloxacin-based triple therapy is an accepted rescue treatment.Most guidelines suggest that patients requiring third-line therapy should be referred to a medical center and treated according to the antibiotic susceptibility test.Nonetheless,an empirical therapy （such as levofloxacin-based or furazolidone-based therapies） can be employed to terminate H.pylori infection if antimicrobial sensitivity data are unavailable.
关键词
幽门螺杆菌
治疗方案
抗生素耐药性
左氧氟沙星
面貌
质子泵抑制剂
抢救治疗
阿莫西林
Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy
Concomitant quadruple therapy
Hybrid （dual-concomitant） therapy
Rescue anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment
Sequential therapy
