行星齿轮箱故障诊断技术的研究进展

Research Advances of Fault Diagnosis Technique for Planetary Gearboxes

行星齿轮箱广泛用于风力发电、直升机、工程机械等大型复杂机械装备中,低速重载的恶劣工作环境经常导致其太阳轮、行星轮、行星架等关键部件出现严重磨损或疲劳裂纹等故障。然而,现有的中心轴固定的传统齿轮箱故障诊断理论与技术不能有效解决行星齿轮箱诊断中所面临的诸多棘手问题,例如行星齿轮箱中多模式混淆和振动传输路径复杂导致故障响应微弱、载荷大范围瞬时波动引起振动的强烈非平稳性、多对齿轮啮合的振动相互耦合造成振动明显的非线性、低频特征频率成分噪声污染严重等。阐述行星齿轮箱故障诊断的特点与难点;从动力学建模和动态信号处理两方面,综述和分析行星齿轮箱故障诊断的国内外研究进展;指出当前研究中存在的关键问题;讨论解决这些关键问题的途径。

Planetary gearboxes are widely used in large-scale and complex mechanical equipments such as wind turbines,helicopters,construction machinery,etc.Low-speed and heavy-duty operation conditions frequently cause faults,such as severe pitting and fatigue crack etc.,occurrence in the key components of the planetary gearboxes.The existing fault diagnosis theory and technology for traditional gearboxes（fixed-shaft gearboxes）,however,fail to effectively solve the difficulty in the fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes.In the planetary gearboxes,multiple mode mixing and complicated vibration transmission paths make fault response quite weak;large-range and instantaneous load fluctuation causes vibration obvious nonstationarity;the vibration responses of multiple meshing gear pairs couple with each other and correspondingly lead to evident nonlinearity;low-frequency characteristics are easily buried by heavy noise.The characteristics and difficulty of planetary gearbox fault diagnosis are discussed,and the inland and overseas research advances are reviewed from dynamic modeling and dynamic signal processing.The existing key problems in the current research are pointed out and the approaches to these problems are discussed.