湖南永吉高速公路建设的景观格局影响评价

LANDSCAPE PATTERN IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF YONGJI HIGHWAY,HUNAN

利用遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)与地理信息系统技术(GIS),对湖南省永吉高速公路沿线建设前后的景观进行分类和制图,结合景观结构分析软件Fragstats3.3和景观生态学方法,从斑块和景观两个层次上研究高速公路建设前后景观格局的变化。结果表明:(1)斑块层次指数中,沿线除公路用地外各景观类型的面积均有所减少,2.57%的土地转换为公路用地,其中旱地面积减少最多,但是公路建设前后没有改变该区域的优势斑块类型;(2)景观层次指数中,斑块数目和斑块密度的增加与最大斑块指数的减少,都表明景观异质性增加;(3)不同缓冲区分析结果表明:高速公路建设对景观格局的干扰突出表现在距公路较近的500m缓冲区内。本研究方法在未来路网规划与环境影响评价中具有一定应用前景。

Remote Sensing（RS）,Global Positioning System（GPS） and Geographical Information System（GIS） technologies were used to do landscape classification and mapping along the Yongji highway before and after its construction.Furthermore,several landscape indices in landscape and patch levels were calculated and analyzed in Fragstats3.3（landscape structure analysis program）,and landscape ecological methods were used in the study of landscape pattern change.Results were as follows.In patch level,conifer class area（CA） decreased,and 2.57% of the land area converted to highway,non-irrigated farmland area reduced mostly,but dominant patch type showed no change.In landscape level,patch number（NP） and patch density（PD） increased but largest patch index（LPI） decreased which means the landscape heterogeneity increased.Buffer analyses in different scales showed that the construction of Yongji highway impacted landscape patterns most seriously within the buffer of 500 meters.The method provided in this paper is practicable in environmental assessment and road network planning in the future.