满族历史上的宗法性宗教及其基本信仰

On Religion of Patriarchal Clan System of Manchu and Basic Beliefs in History

历史上,满族曾经历了一个典型的宗法性传统宗教信仰阶段。该信仰的基本对象是"天"和"祖"。天,即天帝、天道、天神;祖,即祖宗、祖德、祖灵。由于对两者崇拜的主要活动是祭祀,且同时进行,故合称为"天祖祭祀"信仰。围绕着"堂子"进行的各种仪式活动构成了这一基本信仰的文化内容。满族宗法性传统宗教是民族与宗教互动发生的结果。今天,"天祖祭祀"信仰在满族民间还有遗留,表现为"祖德宗功"的民俗文化现象。

In history,the unity of ancestor with heaven is the basic belief in the religion of patriarchal clan system of Manchu,it is call ＂Worship of Ancestor with Heaven＂.Various ceremony activity taking＂Tangzi＂as the center manifested intently this belief.Traditional religion of the consanguineous clan system reflects the interaction between the Manchu and its religion.Therefore,this basic belief also exists in Manchu folk belief.