大学生心理压力、应对方式及其关系实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Mental Stress and Copping Manner of College Student and the Relations Thereof

目的探究大学生心理压力与应对方式的特点及其相互关系。方法使用大学生心理压力感问卷、压力应对量表对447名在校大学生进行调查。结果大学生的心理压力从高到低分别是学习(71.8%)、人际交往(67.4%)、就业(56.4%)、体能与生活(24.3%)、地位与经济(13.1%)。心理压力在性别、年级上存在差异;大学生倾向于使用的应对方式依次是努力解决问题(73.3%)、寻求他人支持(56.1%)、忽略转移压力(53.4%)、寻求认可理解(45.1%)、发泄消极情绪(8.3%)。应对方式在性别、年级上存在差异;心理压力的5个因子皆与寻求认可理解、消极应对方式存在正相关(P<0.01)。结论面对压力,女生倾向使用积极应对方式,男生倾向使用消极应对方式;压力越大,大学生出现消极应对行为的概率就越高。

Objective To explore features of the mental stress and copping manner of college students and the correlations thereof. Method 447 college students were investigated with college students＇ psychological stress questionnaire and stress-copping scale. Results The mental stress of college students were academic study （71.8 % ）, interpersonal communication （67.4%）, job-hunting （56.4 % ）, physical performance and daily life （24.3%）, status and economic condition （13.1%） respectively. The mental stress varied from gender and grades; the successive copping manners which college students were inclined to use were trying their best to solve problems （73.3%）, seeking supports from others （56. 1%）, neglecting and transferring the mental stress （53.4 %）, seeking acceptance and understanding （45. 1%）, letting off negative emotions （8.3%）. The copping manner also varied from gender and grades, Five factors of the mental stress were all correlated positively with the manner of seeking acceptance and understanding and negative copping manner （P〈0. 01）. Conelusion In the face of mental stress, female students are inclined to handle them with positive manners while male students with negative manners; the greater the mental stress is, the larger the probability that college students handle stress with negative manners would be.