江苏省太湖流域产业结构的水环境污染效应

Water-environment effects of industry structure in Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province

通过研究太湖流域(江苏部分)的产业结构污染负荷和水环境的空间分布特点,得出了产业结构污染负荷的水环境空间响应状况。根据小流域划分技术,得出该区域水环境质量空间分布特点:劣于V类水质的区域占32%,V类水质的占30%,仅有27%的区域水质低于IV类。另一方面,对应水环境质量空间分布研究,构建了综合反映产业结构水环境污染负荷的经济社会指标体系,分析了流域农田污染因子和工业污染因子的空间分布特点。通过主成分分析,提取了水环境污染因素的四个主成分,分别为土地利用强度、三次产业结构、农业面源和工业点源。基于主成分载荷,解析了四个水环境污染因素的贡献率。在产业结构方面,研究得出工业化仍是区域水环境污染最大影响因素,但区域水环境恶化是各种因素共同交织的结果。又对工业点源污染和农业面源污染等级进行分区,对各区的空间分布特点做了详细的分析。研究了流域水环境综合污染的空间分布和市县区域分解特点,发现县级市比市区在产业发展上对水环境影响更大,主要是由于县级市工业发展相对较为粗放,水环境监管的区域差异性。为控制流域产业结构的水环境污染,综合提出了在流域内整合产业结构调整和产业优化布局,调整重污染工业结构和控制农业面源污染的对策,及相应的产业结构污染负荷区域差别化削减的建议。

Water environmental quality deterioration has become a major problem in Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province（Suzhou,Wuxi,and Changzhou,SXC）,China.As a result,degradation of the water environment has caused a great deal of concern among government officers and scholars at all levels.This study investigated the environmental quality of Taihu Lake as well as other major aquatic systems in SXC based on the method of small watershed division and a previously conducted report.The results showed that areas with water quality worse than class V comprise nearly 32% of the water in the region,that areas with class V water quality comprise 30% of the water in the region,and that areas less than class III only account for 27% of the water in the region.To reduce relevant water pollution caused by industrial development,the distribution of industrial pollution load in SXC and water-environmental effects of the industrial structure in the region were investigated.A survey of pollution sources was used to select socio-economic indicators of industrial development that directly or indirectly cause water pollution,including population density,urban land intensity,GDP per area,and the industrial structure.Additionally,the distribution of agricultural pollution and industrial pollution was analyzed according to the amount of pesticide and nitrogenous fertilizer applied per unit area and the amount of industrial wastewater discharged and COD per unit area in SXC.The results showed that agricultural pollution indicators are primarily concentrated in Liyang City,Yixing City,and Taicang City,while industrial pollution indicators are mainly concentrated in the urban core areas of SXC and the administrative centers of country-level cities.Application of principle componential analysis（PCA） of the indicators of comprehensive pollution revealed four principle factors negatively impacting water-environment quality in SXC,intensity of land-use,industrial structure,agricultural source pollution and industry source pollution.The rotated component matrix of PCA indicated that industrialization has the greatest effect on water environment quality in the region,but that deterioration of the regional water environmental quality is primarily caused by the complicated factors of regional development.Spatial analysis of the non-point and point source pollution in the study area was also conducted using the scores of PC3 and PC4.Moreover,the distribution integrated water pollution in SCX and regional decomposition were estimated based on the total score of PCA in each research unit.Interestingly,industrial development of the county-level cities was found to have a greater impact on the water-environment than that of the central cities of SXC.These findings were likely because county-level cities have undergone more extensive on industrial development,but have a lower level of water environment supervision.Finally,advice regarding the guidance of industrial development,such as integration of the industrial structure adjustment and layout optimization,heavily polluting industrial structure adjustment and agricultural nonpoint source pollution control in the key areas,and differential reduction of industrial pollution load in units is provided in an attempt to reduce the industrial pollution load in the study area.