圈养马麝刻板行为表达频次及影响因素

Stereotypic behavior frequency and the influencing factors in captive Alpine musk deer(Moschus sifanicus)

于2008年6月至2009年1月期间,采用焦点动物取样法,记录了甘肃兴隆山马麝驯养场的54头圈养马麝的刻板行为发生频次,按性别、年龄及年龄组、繁殖季节、动物来源和繁殖成效等变量区分样本动物,比较各类别间的刻板行为表达强度。结果表明,圈养马麝在单位取样时间(5 min)内平均表达(0.084±0.025)次刻板行为(n=54)。圈舍活动场面积对马麝刻板行为表达强度的效应不显著,在面积较小圈舍中的马麝刻板行为的表达有较多的趋势。因雌麝的哺乳及育幼等原因,雌麝的刻板行为发生频次((0.07±0.03)次,n=31)显著低于雄麝((0.11±0.04)次,n=23,P<0.05),但雌雄马麝的刻板行为频次均无显著月间差异,呈连续变化趋势,从8月开始,雌麝的刻板行为频次逐月攀升至1月的最大值((0.020±0.012)次),而雄麝的刻板行为频次升至12月即急剧下降。马麝非交配季节的刻板行为频次((0.037±0.017)次,n=47)显著少于交配季节((0.140±0.05)次,n=32)。虽年龄较大的马麝的刻板行为有表达较强的趋势,但年龄及年龄组对马麝的刻板行为频次的效应均不显著。自繁圈养个体的刻板行为发生频次((0.10±0.06)次,n=15)有高于野捕圈养个体((0.07±0.02)次,n=30)的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。性不活跃雌麝的刻板行为频次((0.17±0.12)次,n=10)显著地多于性活跃雌麝((0.05±0.02)次,n=15,P<0.05),性不活跃雄麝的刻板行为频次((0.10±0.04)次,n=13)高于性活跃雄麝((0.06±0.02)次,n=9),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。

Alpine musk deer（Moschus sifanicus.） are endangered due to illegal hunting and habitat degradation.Musk deer farming may be an important way to conserve musk deer populations and as a method for the sustainable utilization of musk deer resources,but no studies have been conducted on the stereotypic behavioral of captive musk deer.From June 2008 to January 2009,the stereotypic behavior of captive alpine musk deer was studied at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm（XMDF） located in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province.A total of 54 musk deer were studied.Focal sampling was used to observe and record the frequencies of stereotypic behaviors（e.g.galloping or to-fro-walking）.Stereotypic behavioral differences between specified enclosure populations were explored according to variables such as Range,Age,Age classes,Gender and Reproduction costs.The results showed captive alpine musk deer in XMDF developed and expressed abundant locomotor and oral stereotypic behaviors（（0.084±0.025） times,n=54）,as a result of stable,artificial concentrate-food provisions.The relatively narrow enclosure area had a direct effect on the development of stereotypic behavior,withindividuals enclosed in smaller spaces expressing stereotypic behavior more frequently than those in larger areas（P0.05）.The intensity of stereotypic behavior in females（（0.07±0.03） times,n=31） was significantly lower than that of males（（0.11±0.04） times,n=23） owing to the former′s lactation experience（P0.05）,and captive bred musk deer（（0.10±0.06） times,n=15） were inclined to demonstrate stereotypic behavior more frequently than those captured from the wild（（0.07±0.02） times,n=30） due to differences in experience,the difference,however,was not significant（P0.05）.No significant difference in duration of behavior was found between months,but musk deer expressed stereotypic behaviors more often during mating season（（0.140±0.05） times,n=32） than non-mating season（（0.037±0.017） times,n=47）.Moreover,the stereotypic behaviors expressed by sexually inactive females（（0.17±0.12） times,n=10） was significantly more frequent than sexually active females（（0.05±0.02） times,n=15）（P0.05）,correspondingly,sexually inactive male musk deer expressed stereotypic behavior（（0.10±0.04） times,n=13） more frequently than sexually active males（（0.06±0.02） times,n=9）,the difference being insignificant（P 0.05）.