基于结构方程模型的乡村节事及节事旅游影响的居民感知研究——以北京长哨营村为例

Residents’ Perception on Rural Event and Event Tourism Impact Based on Structural Equation Model:A Case Study in Changshaoying Village in Bejing

以长哨营村这一京郊地区节事及节事旅游较为发达的乡村单元为研究案例,选取2010年3—5月间反映居民感知的微观数据,通过验证性因子分析,在19个测项中提取人文环境提升、经济生活改善、环境恶化及社会矛盾加剧的感知等4个居民感知因子,并将其设定为一阶潜变量,以居民对节事成本感知和收益感知为二阶潜变量,以居民的参与度和支持度为潜变量,构建反映三者关联及具有因果关系的结构方程模型,定量测度了居民参与度、居民的节事影响感知(包括成本感知和收益感知)、居民支持度之间的关联程度,并逐一验证四者之间的5项关联假设。结果表明:居民参与度与收益、成本感知及居民支持度均存在一定的正相关性,收益、成本感知分别与居民支持度存在正、负相关性;其中,居民参与度对收益感知的作用远大于成本感知,收益感知对居民支持度的作用也远大于成本感知。

Take Changshaoying （a village highly developed in event and event tourism （E＆ET） in Beijing suburbs） as a case study, based on the data collected during March to May in 2010, the authors use confirmatory factor analysis （CFA） combined with structural equation model （SEM） to get 4 key factors of residents＇ perceptions from 19 items, defining the perceptions on ＂humane environment improvement＂, ＂economic life improvement＂, ＂environment deterioration＂ and ＂social contradiction＂ as first-order latent variables, perceptions on ＂event costs＂ and ＂event profits＂ as second-order latent variables, residents＇ participation and support degree as latent variables. A tri-correlate structural equation model is established to measure the logical relations between these three （perceptions, participation and support degree of the residents） and verify 5 relevance assumptions. The result shows a positive correlation between participation and costs/profits perception, a positive correlation between participation and support degree, a positive correlation between profits perception and support degree, but a negative between costs perception and support degree. In detail, participation effects profits perception far morethan costs perception, alike profits perception plays a more important role than costs perception in effecting supporting degree of the residents.