青少年身心发展状况及趋势分析

Physical and psychological development status and trend analysis among adolescents

目的:描述青少年身心发展状况,探讨青少年不同年龄阶段生理发育和心理发展的差异,为针对不同年龄阶段的青少年的健康教育提供依据。方法:采用"青少年青春期发育与心理社会发展问卷"对510名青少年学生进行调查,了解其青春期发育及心理社会发展状况。结果:生理方面,男孩得分为(12.5±3.57)分,女孩得分为(11.4±2.90)分,随年龄增长生理得分渐增并趋于稳定;青春期分期方面,80.4%的男孩处于青春期中期和晚期,83.4%的女孩处于青春期晚期,女孩性发育早于男孩;心理社会方面,男孩得分为(76.2±37.42)分,女孩得分为(69.0±32.85)分,男女得分差异明显,随年级增长,心理得分呈现先增高后下降的趋势,高一得分最高,男孩心理状况较女孩差;身心发展趋势方面,生理发育与心理发展呈轻度负向相关关系。结论:青春期青少年身心发展遵循一定规律,教育者及健康工作人员应遵循规律做好青春期健康教育工作,重点关注身心剧烈变化时期。

Objective：To describe the physical and psychological development status of adolescents,explore the differences of physical development and psychological development of adolescents at different age stages,provide a basis for health education targeting to adolescents at different age stages.Methods：Adolescents pubertal development and psychosocial development questionnaire were used to investigate 510 young students,their pubertal development and psychosocial development status were understood.Results：The physical development scores of boys and girls were（12.5±3.57） and（11.4±2.90）,respectively,which increased and tended to stable with age;80.4% of the boys were in medium and late periods of puberty,and 83.4% of the girls were in late period of puberty,the sexual development of girls was earlier than that of boys;the psychosocial development scores of boys and girls were（76.2±37.42） and（69.0±32.85）,respectively,there was significant difference between boys and girls,the psychosocial development score increased first and then decreased with age,the score of senior high school adolescents in Grade One was the highest,the psychological status of boys was inferior to that of girls;there was a mild negative correlation between physical development and psychological development.Conclusion：Physical development and psychological development of adolescents during puberty follow certain rules,educators and health workers should conduct health education according to the rules,more attention should be paid to them during the stage that changed evidently.