荔枝花穗花朵开放习性的观察研究

Study on Litchi blooming habits

授粉受精是荔枝高产栽培和杂交育种工作最重要的一个环节,荔枝花朵的开放习性和授粉受精的关系最密切,因此了解荔枝一个花穗里的花朵每天开放的种类、数量和位置很有意义。试验结果表明,荔枝一个花穗第1批雄花开放时间是5～9 d、雌花开放时间是3～4 d,第2批雄花开放时间是8～12 d;3个荔枝品种雌花都存在集中开放的特性,持续时间是2 d,妃子笑每天开放的数量是260朵,桂味和糯米糍每天开放的数量是50～100朵;比较雌花和雄花开放的数量,说明单一的荔枝品种果园里花粉在雌花开放期,供应充足;在自然发育条件下,荔枝花穗的发育是以雌花量/第2批雄花为1∶2进行;不同花穗花量的差异主要来自第1～4级分支,而不同花穗雌花量和雄花量的差异也主要来自第1～4级分支。

Pollination and fertilization is a most important step in the cultivation and hybrid breeding of litchi, and which is the most closely related to flowering habit. Therefore, it＇s important to understand the flowering habit of a spike in litchi. The results showed that in a spike of litchi, the first cycle of male flowering is 5-9 days, female flowering is 3-4 days, the second period of male flowering is 8- 12 days. The characteristics of female flowering in 3 varieties of lichi had group effect, and the period of flowering is concentrated on 2 days. The number of flowers per day is 260 for Feizixiao, and 50-100 flowers for Nuomici and Guiwei. Comparing the number of female and male flowers per day, the supply of pollen is enough in an orchard where single variety was grown in. Under normal conditions, the ratio of female flower and second male flower is 1：2. The difference of flower numbers between the different spikes were mainly from the first to the forth branch, while the difference of the amount of female flowers and male flowers of different spikes were also mainly from the first to the forth branch.