2007-2008年新疆乌鲁木齐市麻疹暴发疫情流行病学特征及影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics and related factors of measles outbreak in Urumqi in Xinjiang,2007-2008

目的了解新疆乌鲁木齐市2007-2008年麻疹暴发疫情流行病学特征,为改进控制工作提供依据。方法用描述性流行病学分析方法分析乌鲁木齐市2007年11月至2008年6月麻疹暴发疫情流行特征;运用1∶2病例对照研究方法分析麻疹暴发疫情的危险因素,并对病例管理、应急接种等干预措施效果进行评价。结果 0～4岁年龄组发病水平较高(报告发病率为773/10万),其中散居儿童占92%;15～30岁组发病水平仅次于0～4岁组,报告发病率为169/10万,其中学生病例占40%。医院暴露是<8月龄和>18岁组人群感染麻疹的影响因素,未接种麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)是8月龄～17岁组感染麻疹的影响因素。结论医院暴露和未接种MV是导致此次麻疹暴发疫情流行的主要原因,控制医院内感染和切实作好MV免疫接种工作是控制麻疹暴发疫情的关键。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics measles outbreak in Urumqi from 2007 to 2008 and provide evidence to improve measles prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the measles outbreak from November 2007 to June 2008 in Urumqi and 1：2 case-control study was conducted to analyze the risk factors.Results The incidence was highest（773/lakh） in children group aged 0-4 years,92% of them were outside child care settings.The incidence in age group of 15-30 years（169/lakh） was lower than in age group of 0-4 years.The cases in students accounted for 40%.The exposure in hospitals was the main infection source in the age groups of 0-8 months and18 years.The missing of MV vaccination was the main factor to the infection in the age group of 8 months-17 years.Conclusion Hospital exposure and missing MV vaccination were the main risk factors of the measles outbreak,so it is essential is to prevent the measles transmission in hospitals and conduct measles vaccination.