桂花的文化意蕴及其在苏州古典园林中的应用

The Cultural Implication of Sweet-scented Osmanthus and Its Application in Classical Gardens in Suzhou

桂花是中国10大传统名花之一,栽培历史悠久,品种繁多。通过有关桂花的民间传说、象征文化、诗词歌赋与传统民俗等方面的分析,阐述了中国桂花文化的意蕴和内涵,对苏州古典园林中桂花的应用特点和品种进行了分析。苏州古典园林应用的桂花以银桂类品种最多,金桂较少,而丹桂和四季桂极少;桂花常与建筑、山石等相配,单株散植或数株丛植;以桂为名的景点极为常见,著名的有留园"闻木樨香轩"、网师园"小山丛桂轩"、沧浪亭"清香馆"、耦园"木樨廊"等。

Sweet-scented osmanthus（Osmanthus fragrans） is a kind of noteworthy horticultural plant and enjoys a reputation of being one of the Top Ten Traditional Flowers in China.As sweet-scented osmanthus has been cultivated for a long time,many cultivated varieties occurred under the influence of both natural and artificial selections.The splendid culture of sweet-scented osmanthus was shown through the fairy tales,poems,songs and proses.Take classical gardens in Suzhou City as examples,the landscaping patterns and cultivar selection of sweetscented osmanthus were discussed.Most sweet-scented osmanthus cultivars used in Suzhou classical gardens belong to Albus Group,less to Luteus Group,while few to Siji Group and Aurantiacus Group.Commonly,sweet-scented osmanthus trees are in scattered planting or group planting,and often arranging with buildings and stones.Many famous scenic spots are named after sweet-scented osmanthus,such as the Osmanthus Fragrance Pavilion in the Lingering Garden,the Hill and Clump Osmanthus Pavilion in the Master-of-Nets Garden,the Pure Fragrance Hall in the Canglang Pavilion Garden,and the Osmanthus Gallery in the Couple Garden Retreat.