湿疹婴儿食物过敏原检测及临床意义

Clinical application of skin prick tests of food allergens in infants with eczema

【目的】通过皮肤点刺试验(skin prick tests,SPT)对湿疹婴儿进行食物过敏原的检测,评价其临床意义。【方法】对170名4～12月湿疹婴儿进行六种食物过敏原的皮肤点刺试验,并根据阳性结果进行敏感食物回避8周,并对比食物回避前后的皮肤症状。【结果】170名湿疹婴儿中,118名(69.41%)SPT存在阳性结果,阳性食物依次为蛋清(42.35%)、蛋黄(36.47%)、牛奶(27.06%)、带鱼(18.82%)、海虾(17.65%)、大豆(9.41%)。敏感食物回避8周后,90.68%的患儿皮肤症状缓解。【结论】湿疹婴儿多数存在食物过敏,敏感食物回避效果明显。SPT特异性高,方法简单,对湿疹患儿的食物过敏诊断和治疗意义重大。

[Objective] To assess the clinical application of skin prick tests of food allergens in infants with eczema. [Methods] 170 infants aged 4-12 months suffered from eczema were involved in this study. Skin prick tests of six food allergens were analyzed, Dietary prevention were applied in infants with positive results for 8 weeks, and compared the skin symptoms. [Results] The overall positive rate was 69- 71%. The positive rate from high to low were egg white （42.35%）, egg yolk （36.47%）, cowmilk（27.06%）, ribbonfish（18.82%）,prawn（17.65%）,soybean（9.41%）. After 8 weeks of dietary prevention, obvious remission of the skin symptoms were found in 90.68% infants. [Conclusions] Most infants with eczema have food allergy. The avoidance of offending food is a effective treatment. SPT is important to diagnosis and treatment of food allergy in infants with eczema.